See crystallography on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "biocrystallography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cocrystallography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cryocrystallography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crystallographer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crystallographic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crystallographical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crystallographic defect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "microcrystallography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nanocrystallography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "X-ray crystallography"
}
],
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[
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"crystal#English"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_carve"
],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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"-γραφία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
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],
[
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"name": "ety"
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"word": "materials science"
}
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
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"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
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"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
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"code": "cs",
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"lang_code": "cs",
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],
"word": "krystalografie"
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"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
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"word": "kristallografia"
},
{
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "cristallographie"
},
{
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"tags": [
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"word": "Kristallographie"
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{
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"code": "el",
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"tags": [
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],
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"word": "krisztallográfia"
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"word": "кристаллография"
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{
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"word": "بلورنگاری"
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{
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"feminine"
],
"word": "kristalogràfija"
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{
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"word": "cristalografía"
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"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "talabubugan"
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{
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"lang_code": "uk",
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"word": "кристалогра́фія"
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{
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"alt": "晶體學",
"code": "vi",
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"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "tinh thể học"
}
]
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"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡɹəfi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡɹəfi/5 syllables",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Crystal"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biocrystallography"
},
{
"word": "cocrystallography"
},
{
"word": "cryocrystallography"
},
{
"word": "crystallographer"
},
{
"word": "crystallographic"
},
{
"word": "crystallographical"
},
{
"word": "crystallographic defect"
},
{
"word": "microcrystallography"
},
{
"word": "nanocrystallography"
},
{
"word": "X-ray crystallography"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"crystal",
"crystal#English"
],
[
"*gerbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_carve"
],
[
"*grə́pʰō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō#Proto-Hellenic:_to_scratch"
],
[
"γρᾰ́φω",
"γράφω#Ancient_Greek:_to_scratch"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-ā́",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-ā́"
],
[
"-ᾱ",
"-α#Ancient_Greek:_o-grade"
],
[
"-η",
"-η#Ancient_Greek:_zero-grade"
],
[
"γραφή",
"γραφή#Ancient_Greek:_drawing"
],
[
"-γραφίᾱ",
"-γραφία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-graphie",
"-graphie#French"
],
[
"-ography",
"-graphy#English"
],
[
"crystal",
"crystal#English"
],
[
"-ography",
"-graphy#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "crystal",
"4": "-graphy<alt:-ography>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish crystal\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γρᾰ́φω (grắphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek γραφή (graphḗ)\nAncient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā)bor.\nFrench -graphieder.\nEnglish -ography\nEnglish crystallography\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drawing\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γρᾰ́φω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"zero-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-η\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γραφή\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γραφίᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-graphie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graphy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"crystallography\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"crystallography\">\nFrom crystal + -ography.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish crystal\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γρᾰ́φω (grắphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek γραφή (graphḗ)\nAncient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā)bor.\nFrench -graphieder.\nEnglish -ography\nEnglish crystallography\nFrom crystal + -ography.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "crystallography (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"word": "materials science"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids."
],
"links": [
[
"experimental",
"experimental"
],
[
"science",
"science"
],
[
"determining",
"determining"
],
[
"arrangement",
"arrangement"
],
[
"atom",
"atom"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The study of crystals."
],
"links": [
[
"crystal",
"crystal"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɹɪstəˈlɒɡɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɹɪstəˈlɑɡɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crystallography.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-crystallography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-crystallography.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-crystallography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-crystallography.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Tesco250-crystallography.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Tesco250-crystallography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Tesco250-crystallography.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Tesco250-crystallography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Tesco250-crystallography.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡɹəfi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "kristallografiya",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "кристаллография"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kryštaljahráfija",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крышталягра́фія"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cristal·lografia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīngtǐxué",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "晶體學 /晶体学"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krystalografie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kristallografie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "kristallografia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cristallographie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kristallographie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "krystallografía",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κρυσταλλογραφία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "krisztallográfia"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "kristálytan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criostalagrafaíocht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cristallografia"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "kriystallografıya",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "кристаллография"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kristallografiya",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "кристаллография"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crystallographia"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "kaji hablur"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "kristalografi"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bolur-negâri",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "بلورنگاری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krystalografia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cristalografia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cristalografie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kristallográfija",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кристаллогра́фия"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kristalogràfija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cristalografía"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kristallografi"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "talabubugan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "krystalohráfija",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кристалогра́фія"
},
{
"alt": "晶體學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "the science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids",
"word": "tinh thể học"
}
],
"word": "crystallography"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crystallography meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.